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*Learning style refers to the way a child learns.

*Multiple Intelligence is the way in which a child demonstrates learning and intellectual ability.

*In a classroom, educational activities can be divided into three areas or domains. They are the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor educational domains.

Cognitive educational domain-involves knowledge and
intellectual skills.

Affective educational domain-involves dealing with emotions (feelings, values, motivation, appreciation, etc.).

Psychomotor educational domain- involves physical movement, motor skills, and coordination.
 

*Bloom’s taxonomy categorizes six levels of cognitive domains from simple recall (knowledge level) to making choices based on reasonable argument (evaluation level).
 

*Standardized tests provide a means of assessing a school or student’s performance.











 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

For Your Information

There are three categories of learning styles: visual learners, auditory learners, and tactile/kinesthetic learners.

1. Visual learners learn through seeing, tend to think in pictures, and need material/information presented visually.

     a. Visual/Verbal learners- These learners learn best when information is presented visually and in written language format.
In a classroom, these learners may need ideas and information reinforced with visuals aids (e.g. overhead transparencies, diagrams), which are explained. These students tend to learn well from videos.

     b. Visual/Non-verbal learners – These learners learn best from visual displays, including illustrated textbooks, overhead transparencies, flipcharts, and handouts.

In a classroom, these learners may focus on the teachers’ non-verbal communication (body language and facial expressions), and draw pictures or take notes to absorb information.

2. Auditory learners learn through listening. They learn best through verbal exchange, such as lectures, reading text aloud, discussions, conversing with others, talking things through, and listening to what others have to say.

These learners may ask many questions. Elements of speech, such as tone of voice, pitch, and speed, are interpreted by auditory learners for understanding and significance.

3. Tactile/kinesthetic learners learn through doing, moving, and touching. In education, the term used is, the ‘hands-on approach’. Basically, these learners like to build it, take it apart, explore it, and do it in order to learn it and understand it.

In a classroom, they may find it hard to sit still for long periods of time because of their need for activity and exploration, and not because they are hyperactive or have a behavioral problem or disorder.  These learners are good at creating learning environments that sustain other kids’ interests.
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Conceived by Howard Gardner, Multiple Intelligences are eight different ways to demonstrate intellectual ability (proficiency, aptitude, cognitive understanding, etc.). Gardner rationalized that intelligence based on I.Q. testing is too limited. Multiple Intelligence accounts for an expanded range of human potential in people.

Examine the multiple intelligences’ list:

Spatial Intelligence (space smart) – ability to utilize space in essence, the ability to position one’s self in large-scale and small intimate spatial environments

Linguistic Intelligence (word smart) – ability to use words and language
Logical/Mathematical Intelligence (number/reasoning smart) – ability to use reason, logic, and numbers

Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence (body/athletic smart) – ability to control body and movements and handle objects skillfully

Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence (music smart) – ability to produce music and detect the elements of music such as sounds, rhythms, and patterns

Interpersonal Intelligence (people smart) – ability to relate and understand others; empathizers

Intrapersonal Intelligence (self-smart) – ability to self-reflect and be aware of one’s inner state of being

Naturalist Intelligence (Nature smart) – ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other objects

The multiple intelligences’ list is a working list. Other intelligences include Existential and Spiritual Intelligences.

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Differentiated instruction is an approach to teaching essential content in ways that address the varied learning needs of students with the goal of maximizing the possibilities of each learner.

Examples:
*Audio
*Books
*Lectures
*Videos
*Projects
*Portfolio

Note:  For more strategies, purchase In My Shoes' CD titled What Parents Need to Know About Learning for $9.99 Click here

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Categorizes six levels of cognitive domains from simple recall (knowledge level) to making choices based on reasonable argument (evaluation level).  Referencing the pyramid, knowledge is the most basic cognitive ability, and evaluation is the highest cognitive aptitude.
 

Table 4-1:
Cognitive Levels                    Skill                         Some Key                                                                                     Words

 

Knowledge

 

Recall data

Define, match, list, name, recall, recognize, select

 

Comprehension

 

Understanding data

Explain, express, describe, discuss, restate

 

Application

Using data

Knowing when to use data.

Interpret, apply, employ, demonstrate

 

Analysis

Seeing patterns in data.  Applying data to new situations.

Analyze, compare, contrast, criticize, calculate, differentiate

 

Synthesis

Draw conclusion.

Build/construct from diverse elements.

Construct, compose, formulate, invent, integrate

 

Evaluation

Support argument.  Discriminate between ideas and information.

Assess, support, discriminate, judge, critique, defend

Table 4-1 shows the cognitive aptitude with its respective skill ability/abilities. In addition, you will notice key words that give guidance as to which cognitive level is being addressed.

Parents, teachers can assess learning based on different levels of cognitive ability for students at any age, using age appropriate methods.

Bloom’s taxonomy is a great way to monitor the cognitive development of your child by examining his/her work. Simply make a grid, log assignments, and check which cognitive levels are addressed.  

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Two types of standardized tests often used are criterion reference and norm reference tests.

A criterion reference test (CRT), in general, assesses specific goals, purposes, and values considered important to the school: school performance, student performance of specific tasks, or student possession of specific knowledge.

A norm reference test, such as the Iowa Test of Basic Skills, Stanford Nine, SAT, and ACT, assesses the performance of test takers relative to one another.

The basic difference between the two tests is that the criterion-referenced test does not show how your child ranks with his/her peers, and a norm-referenced test does.

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Excerpts from the book,
From Parent to POWER

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